ANNOUNCEMENT

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THE FOLLOWING STUDENTS ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT ON TUESDAY;

OCTOBER 14, 2009, AT 10 AM.

VENUE: MT LAB

ID NOS.

1. 06-1718-758
2. 058205
3. 06-0330-934
4. 058501
5. 06-0132-304
6. 06-0322-615
7. 06-1861-244
8. 06-1028-725
9. 06-1062-179
10. 059289
11. 06-1720-892
12. 06-2060-419
13. 06-0323-469
14. 033776
15. 06-0466-976
16. 06-0142-221
17. 06-1801-109
18. 057131
19. 06-0935-794
20. 058866

COME IN COMPLETE UNIFORM AND BRING ALL NECESSARY PARAPHERNALIA.

DON'T FORGET YOUR CALCULATORS.

GOOD LUCK AND GOD BLESS.

VBG

How the body rids itself of fat

The body has a mechanism called homeostasis that keeps all the blood levels of substances, including fat, within normal levels in the bloodstream. This means that we need a certain amount of fat too.
This homeostatic function is done automatically if all of the organs in the body are functioning normally, and when the fat intake is not in excess.
Read more...

Understanding foodborne illness

Food borne illnesses go sometimes unnoticed because of the lack of understanding of its etiology or origin.
Understanding its root cause therefore is of utmost importance to people especially those in the food industry.
There are several sources of foodborne illnesses. Below are the most common among them:
Read more...


How to choose a multi-vitamin

Choosing the appropriate multi-vitamin for a person is important so that its maximum benefits could be obtained. TDM (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring) usually does this when time permits and the person is willing to undergo the procedure.
In therapeutic drug monitoring, drugs are administered to a certain person and observed for its therapeutic effect. The drug dosage is adjusted until such time that the dosage is therapeutic and neither sub-therapeutic nor toxic to the person.
Read more...


Healthy aspects of high fat food

Not all fatty foods are bad! This is because there are two types of fat: the High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) which is the good fat and the Low Density Lipoprotein, (LDL) which is the bad fat.
The good fats have several very important physiologic functions in the body: they act as constituents of bio-membranes (like phospholipids in the lungs, without it the lungs would not be able to contract and expand); they act as heat insulators and maintain warmth in the body; good cholesterol (a type of good fat) acts as the basic component of steroid hormones (progesterone, estrogen, testosterone). If this substance is absent what would happen to the full development of our secondary female and male sexual characteristics?
Read more...


Essential vitamins for pregnant women

The amount of essential vitamins needed by pregnant women is understandably increased than that of a woman who does not nurture a fetus in her womb.
Through the National Research Council of the FNBNAS (Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences), had issued an RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) that could be used to determine the amount needed for proper nutrition.
Read more...

CHAMPIONS - PAMET NATIONAL QUIZ SHOW

We are the CHAMPIONS in the recently concluded
PAMET NATIONAL QUIZ SHOW.

This prestigious quiz show is being participated in by all Medical Technology Schools in the Philippines.

It feels great to be the CHAMPION.

Medical Technology Board Exam Results For September 2008

CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR NEW MEDICAL TECHOLOGY BOARD PASSERS RESULTS FOR SEPTEMBER 2008,

YOU MAY VISIT THE PRC SITE TO LEARN MORE.

FOR THE GROUP REPORTING QUESTIONS-PLS READ

FOR THE SUBMITTED QUESTIONS IN THE CLINICAL CHEMISTRY GROUP REPORTING, PLEASE CLICK ON THIS LINK TO VISIT THE SITE. THANKS.

COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

The beaker has many uses:

1. mixing solutions
2. measuring large amount of solutions
3. transferring solutions
4. reaction vessel

ORTHOTOLUIDINE METHOD FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE DETER MINATION

MANUAL PROCEDURE:

Precautions:

1. Patient should have fasted for 8-12 hours.
2. Unhemoylzed, non icteric and non turbid serum should be used to avoid interferences
with the procedure.
3. The reagent contains sodium azide, which is corrosive, so PPE should be worn.
4. The solution should be brought to a boil to ensure proper reaction.

PROCEDURE PROPER:

1. Prepare Three tubes labeled, SA (Sample)/ C (Control), ST (Standard) and RB (Reagent Blank).

2. To the SA/C tube add 0.1 ml of the test specimen/ Control specimen.

3. To the ST tube add 0.1 ml of the standard stock solution.

4. To the RB tube add 0.1 ml of distilled water.

5. Add 4 ml of glucose reagent to all tubes. Cap and mix by gentle inversion.

6. Boil all tubes at 100 degrees centigrade for 8 minutes.

7. Cool tubes in running tap water for about 2 minutes.

8. Read absorbance of solutions in the spectrophotometer with appropriate cuvets at 636 nanometers against the RB (Reagent Blank).

9. Compute for the Cu (Concentration of the Unknown making use of the formula:

Cu= Absorbance of Unknown(Au) multiplied by the Concentration of the
Standard(Cs) divided by the Absorbance of the Standard (As)

Adapt the unit of the Cs

Normal Values = 60 - 100 mg/dL
to convert values to mmol/L multiply values in mg/dL with 0.0555

FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

1. Heat insulator - retains heat in the body
2. Lung surfactant - phospholipid
3. Transport substance - lipoproteins
4. Basic nucleus for steroid hormones
5. Energy source - is a purer form that carbohydrate

For more information visit the link below:

associatedcontent.com

DIABETES MELLITUS

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ELEVATED BLOOD GLUCOSE

Diabetes Mellitus

When the pancreas produces insufficient insulin or no insulin at all, Diabetes Mellitus results. This is because insulin is responsible in maintaining the normal blood glucose levels by several processes that allow the body’s tissues to absorb glucose and utilize it as energy or store it for future use.

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by what is called the classical triad, or the three P's - polyuria, polydyipsia and polyphagia. Other symptoms also are hyperglycemia and glycosuria among others. This condition can affect several organs in the body.
For more information visit this site: MedicineNet.com

Image: FreeDigitalPhotos.net

LABORATORY TESTS FOR GLUCOSE

Glucose is the most predominant carbohydrate and is the sugar tested in blood sugar
tests. There are certain preparations/precautions before an accurate laboratory test for glucose could be performed.

Whatever method is selected, the Medical Technologist must take the proper precautions in sample collection to prevent glucose utilization by leukocytes.

If the sample is left at room temperature, glucose in sample is reduced 10mg/dL/hour, therefore sample should be refrigerated within 30 minutes after extraction.

2 mg sodium fluoride per mL blood could be also added to prevent glycolysis for 24 hours.

Normal values:
Before meal: 90-130 mg/dL
After meal: < 180 mg/dL

There are Two General Methods for Glucose Detemination:

A. Chemical Methods - oxidation-reduction methods (ferric and cupric), condensation
methods
B. Enzymatic Methods - Hexokinase, Glucose Oxidase

Under the Chemical Methods: ( Alkalike copper reduction methods)

1. Folin-Wu - involves the conversion of phosphomolybdic acid to phosphomolybdenum blue

Reference value: 80-120 mg/dL

Precautions:
* Reagents should be freshly prepared
* Spectrophotometer: wavelength -520 nm
* Deprotienization should be done with the sample- removing of proteins from biologic fluids thru dilution

2 Nelson-Somogyi - involves the conversion of arsenomolybdic acid to arsenomolybdenum blue.
Spectrophotometer: 500-520 nm

3. Neocuproine - involves neocuproine reagent which produces a neocuproine complex.
• Spectrophotometer: 450 nm

4. Shaeffer-Hartmann-Somogyi - involves the use of iodine utilization as an indicator of the amount of glucose in the sample.
Spectrophotometer: 500-520 nm

5. Benedict’s

Reference value: 80-120 mg/dL
Precautions:
* Reagents should be freshly prepared

Chemical Methods (Alkaline Ferric Reduction Method)

1. Hagedorn-Jensen

Precautions:
* Traces of coagulum into the filtrate can cause increase in results.
* The stem of the funnel should have an ample amount of cotton.


Chemical Methods (Condensation Method)

1. Ortho-Toluidine
Gluconeer

Precautions:
* Non-icteric, non lipemic and unhemolyzed serum should be used.
* Patients should not be suffering from galactosemia
* Patients should not be under galactose load


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B. Enzymatic Methods
1. Glucose Oxidase Method
2. Hexokinase Method

Reference Values:
* Fasting Serum Glucose: 70-110 mg/dL

* CSF:
Infant: 60-80 mg/dL
Adult: 40-70 mg/dL

* Urine (24 hours): 1-15 mg/dL

Precautions:
* Do not ingest the reagent, toxicity has not been established
* Spectrophotometer: 340 nm
* Use fresh, unhemolyzed serum. Plasma from tubes containing heparin, citrate,
oxalate or EDTA.
* Separate RBC from serum or plasma ASAP
* Glucose in whole blood is decreased 7% per hour.
* Turbid or icteric sera require sample blank

3. Glycosylated Hemoglobin
– HbA1c
Reference value: 4.0-6.0%
Precautions:
* Ample amount of blood- 5ml
* Apply pressure to the puncture site

FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar),the patient must have fasted for 8- 14 hours. This is because a non fasting patient will have an inaccurately increased value because of the effect of the ingested food.

The best anticoagulant in the specimen collection is sodium fluoride. This is because aside from acting as an anticoagulant, it also prevents glycolysis which can decrease inaccurately, the values obtained.

There are other tests like OGTT, (Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests), IGTT (Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests), RBS (Random Blood Sugar), 2HPPT ( 2- Hour Post Prandial Test)

ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TESTS

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures the body's ability to metabolize glucose. This test is used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes and to determine gestational diabetes in pregnant women.

Patient Preparation:

* Regular diet containing least 150 to 200 grams of carbohydrate per day is
observed for 3 days prior to the test.

* Medications should be referred to the doctor whether to stop or continue taking
them.

* Alcohol and cigarettes are not allowed at least 8 hours before blood collection.

* Strenuous exercise also is to be avoided at least 8 hours before blood collection.

* No unnecessary activities ( doing errands, manual labor) should be done during the
duration of the test.

* The patient is allowed water.

* If the fasting blood sugar is between 100-130 mg/dL, then OGTT is recommended.
Ranges higher than this, FBS is recommended.

* The patient should be ambulatory.

* The test should be performed in a hospital where a resident doctor can respond to
any emergencies.

* For polycystic ovary syndrome, a Glucose tolerance test screening is usually
performed at age 30 and above.

* Urine and fasting blood specimens should be tested first, before proceeding with
the test.